Resistance and serotype of Salmonella isolated from pig slaughtering process in Shandong Province / 中国人兽共患病学报

We investigated serotype and resistance of Salmonella during pig slaughtering in Shandong Province,China,providing basic data for the risk assessment of Salmonella and for guiding the clinical medication.We used rapid classification kit to identify Salmonella serotype,adopted broth microdilution method to detect the resistance of 13 kinds drugs belong to 8 categories.Result showed that the identified 9 kinds of serotype were mainly S.derby and S.typhimurium.The resistance to 13 kinds drugs of 298 Salmonella were different.The higher percentage of tetracycline drugs as Doxycycline(DOX) and Tetracycline(TE) were 97.99％ and 80.20％,respectively,which was most sensitive to Colistine E.The resistant rate was only 2.01 ％,following by Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Ofloxacin which were 2.35 ％ and 4.03％,and the multiple resistant rate was 81.88％.TE-DOX was the regnant drug-resistant spectrum.In conclusion,the predominant serotype of Salmonella in links of pig slaughtering in Shandong Province is S.derby,and resistance is different to the different drugs.The drug resistance of different slaughter links exist significant differences,multiple drug resistance is serious,and drug-resistant spectrum are varied.

O obscurecimento da dor como dispositivo de controle da força de trabalho frente às LER/Dort: o caso das indústrias de abate e processamento de carnes / The Obscuration of Pain as a Workforce Controlling Device Regarding the RSIs: The Slaughtering and Meat Processing Industries Case

Este artigo discute como se produz a invisibilização das dificuldades em saúde associadas às LER/Dort, em especial da dor, na atenção à saúde dos trabalhadores das indústrias de abate e processamento de carnes de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Esse processo mostrou-se atrelado aos procedimentos técnico-assistenciais realizados nos serviços de saúde, públicos e privados, ao longo do percurso dos trabalhadores usuários pela rede, em que se destaca a medicamentalização da dor, por meio da prescrição e do consumo abusivo de fármacos. Concluiu-se que as atuais ofertas terapêuticas na atenção à saúde desses trabalhadores, orientadas pelo modelo biomédico, atuam como dispositivo biopolítico de controle das indústrias sobre sua força de trabalho. Esse processo mascara as dificuldades em saúde e conduz ao adoecimento dos trabalhadores usuários ao longo de seus percursos pela rede de saúde, sugerindo a necessidade de repensar a forma como se dá a atenção à saúde dessa população.

This article discusses about how the invisibilization of the difficulties in health associated to RSIs are produced, especially pain, and the attention to the heath of slaughtering and meat processing industries laborers of Santa Catarina, Brazil. This process has showed us to be linked to the technical assistance procedure performed in the health centers, public and private, along the course of the workers in the service, in which it is highlighted the medicamentation of pain, through abusive prescription and consume of drugs. It was concluded that the current therapeutic offers in relation to the health of these labors, oriented by the biomedical model, act as a biopolitical control device of the industry on its workforce. This process disguises the health difficulties and leads to the illness of the workers who are users of the service along its course in the health system. It suggests the necessity of rethinking the way that attention has been given to this population.

Evaluación del bienestar animal por medio de indicadores conductuales durante el sacrificio de bovinos / Assessmen of aniimal welfare using behavioral indicators during cattle slaugherr

La legislación Colombiana establece los lineamientos para el sacrificio de bovinos, el cual debe garantizar un procedimiento humanitario, además de cumplir con ciertos parámetros de calidad del producto final. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia en la insensibilización en dos plantas de sacrificio como indicador de bienestar animal. Se evaluó la insensibilización de 1343 bovinos. Como variables se emplearon los signos de pérdida de sensibilidad (reflejo corneal, intentos de incorporarse, vocalizaciones y respiración rítmica) e indicadores conductuales de pérdida de Bienestar Animal (BA) (resbalones, caídas, vocalizaciones, saltos y marcha hacia atrás). Se midió el tiempo de retraso en la insensibilización, el número de disparos por animal, la localización correcta del impacto y el tiempo entre insensibilización y sangría. El 96.5% de los bovinos colapsaron inmediatamente después de recibir el primer impacto, sin embargo, el 23.6% (n=307) de éstos recuperó la sensibilidad antes de la sangría, debido al amplio intervalo de tiempo entre la insensibilización y la sangría superior a los 60 segundos (98.7%). Se encontró asociación significativa entre el retraso en la insensibilización y el número de eventos conductuales (p<0.01). Asimismo, se hallaron diferencias para los indicadores conductuales entre las plantas de sacrificio (p<0.01), encontrándose mayor incidencia en la planta A, la cual contaba con un método de sujeción de cabeza en el cajón de insensibilización, pero no de cuerpo. De otra parte, se observaron malas prácticas de manejo y conducción de los animales en la planta B como sujetar y empujar el animal con la picana eléctrica. Se concluye que en las plantas evaluadas el bienestar animal durante el sacrificio de bovinos es deficiente, se hace necesario la capacitación del personal, mejoras en la infraestructura y la implementación de indicadores de evaluación.

Colombian laws establish the guidelines for slaughtering of cattle which have to f guarantee a humane procedure, besides complying with some quality parameters for the final product. The objective of this study was to evaluate efficiency of the stunning process in two slaughterhouses as an indicator of animal welfare. Stunning was evaluated in 1343 bovines. Signs of loss of consciousness (corneal reflex, attempts to head up, vocalizations and rhythmic breathing) as well as behavioral indicators of Animal Welfare (AW) loss (slipping, falling, vocalizations, jumping and backward movements) were assessed to identify animal welfare standards. Besides, the stunning delay, the number of shots per animal, the appropriate location of the shots and the interval between shot and bleeding were measured. Although, 98.5% of animals collapsed immediately after receiving the first shot, 23.6% (n=307) recovered sensitivity before bleeding, because of the wide interval between stunning and bleeding which was higher than 60 seconds (98.7%). There was a significant association between stunning delay and the number of behavioral events counted (p<0.01). Moreover, differences in the behavioral indicators among the slaughterhouses evaluated were found (p<0.01) showing greater incidence in slaughter house "A" which had a head fixation system, but not one to hold still the entire body of the animal. Aversive behavioral responses were encountered in plant "B", such as the use of cattle prods to hold and push the animal while it was in the stunning box. The results indicate that in the slaughterhouses evaluated animal welfare during slaughtering is defficient and it is necessary to implement personnel training, improvement of infrastructure and evaluation indicators.

Frequência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em suínos abatidos sem inspeção em Belém / Serologic diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii in swines slaughtered without inspection in Northern Brazil

To survey the occurrence of IgM and IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies in pigs slaughtered without inspection, 110 serum samples from different localities were submitted to indirect hemaglutination test. A frequency of 50.0% (confidence interval 40.7% /.../ 59.3%, 95% significance) of positive sera was detected, with a distribution of frequency of 1.83% and 1.83%, 6.36% and 15.45%, 20.0% and 25.4%, 17.3% and 7.3%, and 4.5% and 0.0% for IgM and IgG antibodies, respectively in 1:16, 1:64, 1:256, 1:1024, and 1:2048 serum dilutions. The toxoplasmic infection was present among pigs in the city of Belém.

Ocorrência de lesões em carcaças de bovinos de corte no Pantanal em função do transporte / Occurrence of carcass bruising of beef cattle in the Pantanal related to time spent transport

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do transporte na ocorrência de lesões, em carcaças de bovinos abatidos no Pantanal Sul Matogrossense, por meio da quantificação do número e do tamanho das lesões, assim como a localização da freqüência de ocorrência das lesões nos principais cortes comerciais padronizados para o mercado interno. Do total de 121 carcaças avaliadas, foi observado que 102 (84,3 por cento) tiveram uma ou mais lesões, totalizando 270 lesões que resultaram na remoção de 56,1kg de carne, com média geral de 0,5kg por animal ou 0,6kg por animal, considerando-se apenas os animais que tiveram lesões. A freqüência de lesões em carcaças de bovinos evidenciou diferença significativa de acordo com as condições de transporte. As maiores proporções de lesões foram encontradas em animais submetidos ao transporte rodoviário por mais de uma hora e distâncias maiores que 70km, sendo grande parte em estradas não-pavimentadas. Conclui-se que os animais submetidos à série sucessiva de manejo e transportados em estradas não-pavimentadas por longas distâncias apresentaram maior proporção de lesões, sendo que os animais provenientes do lote VI apresentaram maior número de lesões.

This study aimed to assess the influence of transport on the occurrence of carcass bruising of cattle slaughtered in the Pantanal, by quantifying the number and size of bruises, locating the frequency of occurrence of bruises in the main commercial cuts standardized for interne market. From a total of 121 carcasses assessed, 102 (84.3 percent) had one or more bruises, totaling 270 bruises, which resulted in the removal of 56.1kg meat. The frequency of carcass bruises of cattle showed significant difference, according to the conditions of transport. The highest proportions of bruises found in animals submitted to road transport for more than one hour in distances longer than 70km, a great part of which on dirty toads. The conclusion is that the animals submitted to the successive series of handling and transported on dirty roads for long distances caused the highest proportion of bruises, whereas the animals submitted to lot IV presented the highest number of bruises.

Hallazgos patológicos del tracto reproductivo en cerdas de descarte en Venezuela

En el avance hacia la obtención de la productividad del rebaño, es fundamental el adecuado conocimiento tanto de la anatomía como de la fisiología de la reproducción porcina. Dentro de la producción, uno de los parámetros que incide con mayor relevancia en la productividad es el número de lechones destetados por cerda por año, ya que de él depende el número final de cerdos que va a matadero. Este parámetro va a estar influenciado directamente por el desempeño reproductivo del rebaño de cría. Las fallas reproductivas son una de las principales causas de descarte, de ahí que el examen de los órganos reproductivos es una herramienta de gran valor diagnóstico en el manejo reproductivo porcino. La evaluación de estos órganos provee de una serie de datos sobre las posibles causas de falla reproductiva y a su vez, va a permitir tomar medidas correctivas a nivel de rebaño. En Venezuela, no existen reportes que describan los hallazgos patológicos observados en cerdas de descarte. De aquí que se plantea como objetivo general de esta investigación describir cuáles eran los hallazgos patológicos presentes en el tracto reproductivo de cerdas a través del análisis de muestras recolectadas en un matadero industrial del estado Aragua. Se evaluó un total de 125 tractos reproductivos encontrándose diferentes hallazgos macroscópicos en 23 animales (18,4%), desglosándose los mismos de la manera siguiente: 8,94% (11/123) de animales con ovarios inactivos o anestro (sin cuerpos lúteos ni folículos o con folículos con un diámetro < 5 mm), 13,01% (16/123) presentaron quistes en los ovarios, 5,6% (7/125) mostraron úteros con material purulento y de éstos en uno se encontró un feto retenido en proceso de descomposición y otro con ausencia de oviducto (cuerno ciego); en 17,6% (22/125) de los animales se evidenció procesos inflamatorios compatibles con cuadros de endometritis.

Pathological Findings of the Reproductive Tract from Culled Sows in Venezuela Abstract In order to advance towards the attainment of productivity in swine production, the adequate knowledge of the anatomy, as well as of the reproductive physiology of the sow is essential. In terms of production, one of the parameters that greatly influence productivity is the number of pigs weaned by sow per year, as this parameter determines the number of pigs delivered to the market. This parameter is directly influenced by the reproductive performance of the herd. Reproductive failure is one of the major causes of culling sows; therefore, a thorough examination of the reproductive tract is a valuable diagnostic tool in swine reproductive management. The evaluation of these organs provides us with a series of data on the possible causes of reproductive failure. At the same time, such an evaluation, will allow us to take corrective measures in the herd. In Venezuela, there is no available data describing the pathological findings observed in the reproductive tract of culled sows. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the pathological findings that affect the reprodcutive tract of culled sows. Samples were collected from a slaughterhouse, located in the State of Aragua, Venezuela. A total of 125 reproductive tracts was collected. Results of this investigation show that only 23 animals (18.4%)exhibited abnormal findings which were classified as follows: 8.94% (11/123) sows with inactive ovaries or anestro (neither corpora lutea nor follicles, or follicles with a diameter < 5 mm); 13.01% (16/123) had evidence of ovarian cysts, and 5.6% (7/125) showed uteri with purulent material: one had a retained fetus in decomposition process, and another lacked an oviduct (blind horn); 17.6% of the animals showed inflammatory processess compatible with endometritis.

Situação atual e aspectos higiênicos e sanitários do abate clandestino, na região metropolitana de Belém, Pará / Situation and hygienic sanitary aspects of it clandestine discount, in the metropolitan region of Belém, Pará

O abate clandestino de animais para consumo humano é um problema urbano contemporâneo, representa sério risco para a saúde pública, está associado a fatores de natureza sócio-econômica e amplamente distribuído em todo território nacional. Com o objetivo de conhecer os vários aspectos do abate clandestino na região metropolitana de Belém, Estado do Pará, foram investigados nove locais, através de visitas periódicas, levantamento de dados, observações relativas à higiene do abate dos animais e produtos obtidos e coletadas amostras de soros para diagnóstico de patógenos. Péssimas condições higiênicas predominam nos locais de abate, cujas operações são realizadas em total desacordo com procedimentos de natureza tecnológica e higiênica; manejo dos animais realizados em extremas condições anti-humanitárias, que incluem crueldade e descuido com as mínimas condições de bem-estar, demonstrando ignorância e baixo nível de escolaridade. A baixa qualidade higiênica e de conservação da carne e vísceras comestíveis, a ausência de fiscalização sanitária, bem como a detecção sorológica de patógenos nos animais abatidos, revelam risco potencial para a saúde humana.

The clandestine discount of animals for human consumption is a contemporary urban problem, represents serious risk for public health, and has social and economical nature. It occurs in elsewhere of national territory of Brazil. With the objective of knowing several aspects of the clandestine discount in the metropolitan region of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil were investigated nine places, to search data, observations of the hygiene conditions of the discount, animals, and of meat and to collect samples of serum for diagnosis of pathogens. Very bad hygienic conditions prevail at the places, with all operations been accomplished in total disagreement of hygienic rules. The animals are remaind in extreme anti-humanitarian conditions, whose include cruelty and negligence concerning low well-being, demonstrating ignorance and low education level. The hygienic quality of meat, the absence of sanitary surveillance, as well as the serologic diagnosis of pathogens revealed potential risk for human health.

Produção de carne em ovinos de cinco genótipos: 1. Crescimento e desenvolvimento / Meat production in sheep of five genotypes: 1. Growth and development

O trabalho foi realizado no Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuária dos Campos Sulbrasileiros - CPPSUL - EMBRAPA de Bagé, RS, nos anos de 1994/95, com cordeiros das raças Texel, Romney Marsh, Corriedale, Ideal e Merino nascidos e criados até o desmame (10 semanas) em campo nativo, (predominância de Paspalum notatum Flügge e Axonopus affïnis Chase). Objetivou estudar aspectos relativos ao crescimento e desenvolvimento, com suplementação alimentar a campo, até o abate aos 7,5 meses de idade. A partir do desmame, iniciou-se a suplementaçào dos cordeiros (10 por raça, recebendo 200 g/cab./dia) com uma ração contendo 17% de PB e 75% de NDT. Até uma semana pós-desmame a ração foi oferecida em regime de confinamento e. após, a campo até o abate. Os resultados mostraram que os pesos ao nascer foram semelhantes (P>0,05), porém, do desmame e a partir deste, o crescimento ponderal e o desenvolvimento de cordeiros Texel e Romney Marsh foram sempre superiores aos de Corriedale, Ideal e Merino. Após o desmame, principalmente nos primeiros 45 dias, a capacidade de conversão dos alimentos (suplemento + pasto) foi maior nas raças Texel, Romney Marsh e Ideal. Em todos os genótipos, observou-se que as variações de peso corporal (em relação ao tempo), após os 5,5 meses de idade, pouco contribuíram no peso final de abate.

The work was carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuária dos Campos Sulbrasileiros (CPPSUL) of EMBRAPA, Bagé, RS, during 1994/95 with male lambs of the Texel, Romney Marsh, Corriedale, Polwarth and Merino breeds, bom and raised up to weaning (10 weeks) on native pasture (mainly composed by de Paspalum notatum Flügge e Axonopus affïnis Chase). Growth and development up to slaughtering at 7.5 months were evaluated. After weaning, besides the native pasture, all lambs (10 per breed) werefed with a concentrate containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basis (200 g/lamb/day), until the slaughtering age. The results showed that birth weight of breeds was similar (P>0.05); however, the liveweight at weaning and the liveweights after weaning of both Texel and Romney Marsh lambs were greater than those of Corriedale, Polwart and Merino lambs. They showed liveweights always similar. The first fourty five days after weaning, lambs of Texel, Romney Marsh and Polwarth breeds showed greater food conversion. In all genotypes, liveweight gains after 5.5 months of age had no importam contribution (in relation to time) to the slaughtering weight.